Lte Optimization Engineering Handbook Pdf Download

Nowadays, 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) telecommunication technology that has spread throughout Indonesia is growing rapidly. However, the coverage of 4G LTE has not been implemented well in Indonesia, one of them is in Sragen. So to be able to increase the quality of 4G LTE network, it is necessary to optimize the coverage area of 4G LTE network in Sragen by using the physical tuning method, which is to adjust the antenna tilt, azimuth antenna, power. Key Performance Indicator is a reference to determine the performance of a network. The measured parameters are reference signal reception power (RSRP), reference signal reception quality (RSRQ), signal interference noise ratio (SINR). The results from the optimization are the percentage of RSRP was initial 45.87% to 75.58%, an increase of 29.72%. While the RSRQ value increased by 20.78%, with an initial value was 27.84% to 48.62%. SINR increased by 5.29% with an initial percentage was 4.87% to 10.16%.

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2217, 030193 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000732 2217, 030193

Optimization of 4G LTE (long term evolution)

network coverage area in sub urban

Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 2217, 030193 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000732

Published Online: 14 April 2020

Subuh Pramono, Lia Alvionita, Mustofa Danang Ariyanto, and Meiyanto Eko Sulistyo

Optimization of 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) Network

Coverage Area in Sub Urban

Subuh Pramono1,a) Lia Alvionita1,b) Mustofa Danang Ariyanto1,c) Meiyanto Eko

Sulistyo1,d)

1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

a)Corresponding author: subuhpramono@gmail.com

b) liaalvionita@student.uns.ac.id

c)mustofadanang@student.uns.ac.id

d)meiyantoekosulistyo@gmail.com

Abstract. Nowadays, 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) telecommunication technology that has spread throughout

Indonesia is growing rapidly. However, the coverage of 4G LTE has not been implemented well in Indonesia, one of them

is in Sragen. So to be able to increase the quality of 4G LTE network, it is necessary to optimize the coverage area of

4G LTE network in Sragen by using the physical tuning method, which is to adjust the antenna tilt, azimuth antenna, power.

Key Performance Indicator is a reference to determine the performance of a network. The measured parameters

are reference signal reception power (RSRP), reference signal reception quality (RSRQ), signal interference noise ratio

(SINR). The results from the optimization are the percentage of RSRP was initial 45.87% to 75.58%, an increase of 29.72%.

While the RSRQ value increased by 20.78%, with an initial value was 27.84% to 48.62%. SINR increased by 5.29% with

an initial percentage was 4.87% to 10.16%.

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, cellular communication is growing rapidly and made an outstanding development not only voice

communication but also a tremendous increase in data streaming. For this the technology evolved from 1G to 4G [1].

4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) telecommunication technology that has spread throughout Indonesia is also

growing rapidly. The availability of 4G LTE network that has spread throughout Indonesia strived by several cellular

operators by developing the infrastructure of cellular network. One of the important aspect from developing the

infrastructure of 4G LTE is eNodeB or in GSM and CDMA named as base transceiver station (BTS). Coverage of the

eNodeB is essential for the cellular operators to increase the service quality that progressively increasing. Therefore,

the aim of this research is to make a simulation that can optimize the coverage area of 4G LTE technology throughout

the Sragen.

In this research to optimize the coverage of 4G LTE in Sragen is using physical tuning method. The method is

adjust some physical device such as mechanical tilt, electrical tilt, azimuth, power configuration, and antenna height.

PHYSICAL TUNING

Physical Tuning is a method for optimization in telecomunication network. The optimization method is performed

on the antenna device contained in eNodeB by setting the antenna physical device [2]. There are some techniques to

do i.e. [3, 2]:

1. Mechanical Tilting

The 5th International Conference on Industrial, Mechanical, Electrical, and Chemical Engineering 2019 (ICIMECE 2019)

AIP Conf. Proc. 2217, 030193-1–030193-9; https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000732

Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1971-1/$30.00

030193-1

Mechanical Tilting is setting the antenna direction vertically up or down. Mechanical tilt means physically or

manually downtilting the antenna. The greater the degree of mechanical tilt, the direction of the antenna will be lower

causing the coverage in the main lobe to decrease, while in the side lobe will widen and vice versa [4].

TABLE 1. Some changes based on mechanical tilt

SRA727ML1_BLUEBEROBEDOROML3

2. Electrical Tilting

Electrical tilt does not involve any physical movement but changes the phases of the radiation pattern of each

antenna. Electrical tilt can also provide the gain to support concept known as beamforming to extend the coverage.

The greater the value of the electrical tilt, the smaller the coverage output, and vice versa [4].

TABLE 2. Some changes based on electrical tilt

C_SRA130MT1_KARANGPELEMDMTMT2

SRA063MT1_NGARGOTIRTODMTMT1

3. Azimuth

Azimuth is setting the antenna direction that is setting horizontally by changing the position of the antenna clamp

that connected to the ground tower. The horizontal changing limit of this antenna is usually 5o – 100o [5].

TABLE 3. Some changes based on azimuth

SRA019ML1_SUMBERLAWANGML1

SRA066MT1_DESAPAGAKDMTMT3

SRA705ML1_COMBATPASARMADE2ML2

4. Power Configuration

Power configuration is managing the power released by eNodeB so that the power expended can cover the

entire target area of optimization [6]. Power configuration is a powerful strategy for dealing with the capacity and

coverage optimization problem.

The aim of PC is to reduce the amount of interferenc e from neighbor cells while ensuring that enough power

is transmitted to (or received from) User Equipment (UE) to maintain an ac ceptable link quality [7, 8]

TABLE 4. Some changes based on power

Change

Name

C_SRA003ME1_GEMOLONGME2(0)

C_SRA004MT1_SAMBUNGMACANTSELMT1(0)

C_SRA004MT1_SAMBUNGMACANTSELMT2(0)

5. Antenna Height

Antenna height adjustment is mainly for high and low EnodeB. If an EnodeB is too high or low place, serious

overshoot coverage or insufficient coverage is caused.

030193-2

TABLE 5. Some changes based on antenna height

Change

Name

SRA113MR1_GIRIMARGOSUMBERLAWANGIBSMR3

SRA013MT1_JEKAWALDMTMT1;

SRA013MT1_JEKAWALDMTMT2;

SRA013MT1_JEKAWALDMTMT3

71 81

SRA022MT1_JENARMT1; SRA022MT1_JENARMT2;

SRA022MT1_JENARMT3

70 80

LTE MEASUREMENT

x Reference Signal Reception Power (RSRP)

RSRP is the amount of signal power received by the EU (dBm). The farther the distance between the site and the

EU, the RSRP value received by the EU will be smaller and vice versa. If the user is on the edge area, the RSRP

received will be very weak, then the user will need a handover process. The RSRP value standards set by the Key

Performance Indicator (KPI) standards are as follows:

TABLE 6. Standard RSRP KPI

x Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ)

RSRQ is a measurement of the quality of EU receive signal (dB) power from a cell. RSRQ is defined as the ratio

between the number of RSRP resource blocks to RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator). RSRQ is influenced by

signals, noise and interference received by the EU. The RSRQ value standards set by the Key Performance Indicator

(KPI) standards are as follows:

TABLE 7. Standard RSRQ KPI

x Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR)

SINR is the ratio of the received signal power to the interference power and noise power received by the user.

SINR is a parameter that shows signal quality, but SINR is a parameter that becomes a reference for network quality.

030193-3

SINR as and indicator for EU in determining the CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) that will be transmitted to eNodeB.

Furthermore eNodeB will determine the use of certain modulation and coding schemes based on CQI information [6,

9]. The RSRQ value standards set by the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) standards are as follows:

TABLE 8. Standard SINR KPI

COST 231 PROPAGATION MODEL

The COST 231 propagation model was developed by the European Cooperative for Scientific and Technical

Research Committee also called Cost-Hata. This model is a development of the Okumura-Hatta model, which is used

to estimate pathloss in urban areas. The characteristics of the COST 231 propagation model are frequency range:

1500-2000 MHz, the effective height of the transmitting antenna: 30 - 200 m, the effective height of the receiving

antenna 1-10 m, the distance d from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna is 1 - 20 km [10]. The following

is the equation of the COST 231 propagation model:

 ( )= 46,3 + 33,9 log 

−13,82 log ℎ  − a( ℎ  ) + ( 44,9 − 6,55 log ℎ  )log+ 

a( ℎ ) For suburban or rural environments this factor is defined as,

a( ℎ )=1,1

( 

−0,7) ℎ  −(1,56  

−0,8)

where 1≤ ℎ ≤ 10 

and, a( ℎ ) for urban environments (i.e. large cities) as,

a( ℎ ) = 8,29(  1,54ℎ ) − 1,1  

≤300 

a( ℎ )=3,2

( 11,75 ℎ ) −4,97  

≥300 

 equal ti 0 dB for medium cities and suburban areas and 3 dB for metropolitan areas.

LINK BUDGET

Link budget is a method used to calculate all parameters in signal propagation. Link budget calculation starts

from the gain and losses of the transmitter and receiver through the transmission media. Link budget is calculated

based on the distance between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). The link budget calculation also looks at the

antenna specifications and because of the barrier between the transmitter and receiver Link Budget, calculation has

the goal to be able to calculate or plan cellular system power requirements so that the signal quality at the receiver

meets the desired standard. Link budget calculation can be calculated with the following equation:

  =  +  +  −

 −

 −



030193-4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

After optimizing the coverage area of the existing site in Sragen using the physical tuning method, the following

results are obtained.

TABLE 9. Comparison parameter before and after optimization

x RSRP

The RSRP of 4G LTE network in Sragen initially had an average of -110.45 dBm after being optimized using

physical tuning method, RSRP increase to -104.11 dBm. It can be seen in the figure before optimization of the range

of RSRP values that are most widely distributed in Sragen is -110 to -140 dBm, which is still included in the very

poor category and -100 s.d -110 dBm which is poor category based on KPI standards. Therefore, after optimization,

the results obtained can be seen in the image after optimization and the most widely distributed value is -100 to -110

dBm, which is poor, and -100 s.d -90 dBm, which is fair.

FIGURE 1. (a) RSRP Coverage Before Optimization, (b) RSRP Histogram Before Optimization, (c) RSRP Coverage After

Optimization, (d) RSRP Histogram After Optimization, (e) Comparison Coverage of RSRP Before and After Optimization

km²

-140

-136

-132

-128.4

-124.4

-120.4

-116.4

-112.4

-108.8

-104.8

-100.8

-96.8

-92.8

-89.2

-85.2

-81.2

-77.2

-73.2

-69.6

-65.6

-61.6

-57.6

-53.6

-50

-46

-42

RSRP Level (D L) (dBm)

km²

-140

-136

-132

-128.4

-124.4

-120.4

-116.4

-112.4

-108.8

-104.8

-100.8

-96.8

-92.8

-89.2

-85.2

-81.2

-77.2

-73.2

-69.6

-65.6

-61.6

-57.6

-53.6

-50

-46

-42

RSRP Level (D L) (dBm)

030193-5

FIGURE 1 (continued). (a) RSRP Coverage Before Optimization, (b) RSRP Histogram Before Optimization, (c) RSRP

Coverage After Optimization, (d) RSRP Histogram After Optimization, (e) Comparison Coverage of RSRP Before and After

Optimization

xRSRQ

The RSRQ of 4G LTE network in Sragen initially had an average of -16.74 dB after being optimized using the

RSRQ physical tuning method increase to -15.62 dB. It can be seen in the figure before optimizing that the range of

RSRQ values most widely distributed in Sragen Regency is -20 to -17 dB, which is still categorized as very poor based

on KPI standards. Therefore, after optimization, the results obtained are seen in the image after optimization and the

most widely distributed value is -14 to -12 dB, which is fair.

FIGURE 2 . (a) RSRQ Coverage Before Optimization, (b) RSRQ Histogram Before Optimization, (c) RSRQ Coverage

After Optimization, (d) RSRQ Histogram After Optimization, (e) Comparison Coverage of RSRQ Before and After

Optimization

km²

110

121

132

-19.6

-18.4

-17.4

-16.4

-15.4

-14.4

-13.4

-12.2

-11.2

-10.2

-9.2

-8.2

-7.2

-6.2

-5

-4

-3

-2

RSRQ Level (DL) (dB)

030193-6

(e)

FIGURE 2 (continued). (a) RSRQ Coverage Before Optimization, (b) RSRQ Histogram Before Optimization, (c) RSRQ

Coverage After Optimization, (d) RSRQ Histogram After Optimization, (e) Comparison Coverage of RSRQ Before and After

Optimization

xSINR

The SINR of 4G LTE network in Sragen initially had an average of 4.23 dB after being optimized using the SINR

physical tuning method to increase to 5.47 dB. It can be seen in the figure before optimization, range values of SINR

improved that can be seen in the histogram before and after optimization. Before the optimization, poor category based

on KPI standards were widespread in Sragen Regency. However, after optimization, the poor categories decrease and

the categories are fair, good, and excellent increasing.

(a) (b)

FIGURE 3 . (a) SINR Coverage Before Optimization, (b) SINR Histogram Before Optimization, (c) SINR Coverage

After Optimization, (d) SINR Histogram After Optimization, (e) Comparison Coverage of SINR Before and After

Optimization

km²

112

126

140

154

168

182

-19.6

-18.4

-17.4

-16.4

-15.4

-14.4

-13.4

-12.2

-11.2

-10.2

-9.2

-8.2

-7.2

-6.2

-5

-4

-3

-2

RSRQ Level (DL) (dB)

km²

104

-20

-18

-16

-13.6

-11.6

-9.6

-7.6

-5.6

-3.2

-1.2

0.8

2.8

4.8

7.2

9.2

11.2

13.2

15.2

17.6

19.6

21.6

23.6

25.6

PDSCH C/(I+N) Level (DL) (dB)

030193-7

(e)

FIGURE 3 (continued). (a) SINR Coverage Before Optimization, (b) SINR Histogram Before Optimization, (c) SINR Coverage

After Optimization, (d) SINR Histogram After Optimization, (e) Comparison Coverage of SINR Before and After Optimization

CONCLUSIONS

The method used to optimize the 4G LTE network coverage area in Sragen is physical tuning method, which are

adjustment the electrical tilt, mechanical tilt, azimuth, antenna height, and power configuration. The results of

comparison of RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR parameters have increased after the optimization process done using the

physical tuning method. RSRP value increased by 29.72%, RSRQ increased by 20.78%, and SINR 4.78%. The results

of the pathloss comparison in the simulation of the coverage area optimization using COST-231 propagation model is

not much different from the result of calculations by classification sub urban area.

REFERENCES

1. S. K. Jha, R. Rokaya, A. Bhagat, A. R. Khan and L. Aryal, "LTE NETWORK: COVERAGE AND

CAPACITY PLANNING," in

IEEE International Conference on Networking and Network Applications,

2017.

2. E. C. Alfindo, "PENINGKATAN KINERJA JARINGAN LTE DENGAN METODE PHYSICAL TUNING

DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS TERPADU UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA," Universitas Islam

Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 2018.

3. A. N. Fajar and D. Elmi, "Analisa dan Optimalisasi Jaringan 4G LTE dengan Metode Electrical Tilt

Menggunakan Drivetest," JIFOR, vol. 1, p. No. 1, 2017.

4. X. Zhang, LTE Optimization Engineering Handbook, Beijing, China: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2018.

km²

-20

-18

-16

-13.6

-11.6

-9.6

-7.6

-5.6

-3.2

-1.2

0.8

2.8

4.8

7.2

9.2

11.2

13.2

15.2

17.6

19.6

21.6

23.6

25.6

PDSCH C/(I+N) Level (DL) (dB)

030193-8

5. F. Hidayat, Hafidudin and M. Linda, "ANALISIS OPTIMASI AKSES RADIO FREKUENSI PADA

JARINGAN LONG TERM EVOLUTION (LTE) DI DAERAH BANDUNG," e-

Proceeding of

Engineering, vol. 3 No. 2, p. 1669, Agustus 2006.

6. N. D. Sartika, S. M. Dr Nachwan Mufti A. and M. Budi Syihabuddin S.T., "IMPLEMENTASI JARINGAN

HETEROGEN UNTUK OPTIMASI JARINGAN LTE RELEASE 10 STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN

SUKAJADI," e-Proceeding of Engineering, Vols. 5, No. 1, p. 572, 2018.

7. J. Whitehead, "Signal-level-based dynamic power control for co-channel interference management," in

Proceedings of the IEEE 43rd Vehicular Technology Conference, Secaucus, New Jersey, USA, 1993.

8. A. Simonsson and A. Furuskär, "Uplink power control in LTE—overview and performance: principles and

benefits of utilizing rather than compensating for SINR variations," in Proceedings of the 68th Semi-Annual

IEEE Vehicular Technology (VTC '08), Calgary, Canada, September, 2008.

9. G. Basilashvili, "Study of Spectral Efficiency for LTE Network," American Scientific Research Journal for

Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 21-32, 2017.

10. U. K. Usman, "Propagasi Gelombang Radio Pada Teknologi Seluler," in Konferensi Nasional Sistem

Informasi, Pangkalpinang, 2018.

030193-9

Nariman Abdel-Salam Bauomy

With the rapid growth of mobile networks, maintenance is becoming more complex, time-consuming, and expensive. One of the most important requirements of network operators and service providers is network optimization. Network optimization is one of the key parts of the life cycle of mobile systems. In this paper, a design of RF Self Optimization Tool called (SOT) for a 4G/5G network is introduced. In particular, an optimization framework is developed considering different stages that include the collection of data inputs from different sources, the description of all Key Performance Indicators (KPI's) categories, and the optimization procedure itself. It enables faster measurements and response for the statues of the 4G/5G networks by offering the actions that should be taken automatically to optimize the network and to be gained for performance issues. The proposed design is applied and the performance is evaluated illustrating the capability to automatically identify a cell with sub-optimal coverage and to provide solutions to these problems to meet QoS requirements.

Grigol Basilashvili

The efficiency with which spectrum is used in wireless communication systems is becoming increasingly important as a result of rapidly growing demands for bandwidth-intensive mobile broadband services and the finite nature of usable spectrum. Faced with ever-increasing cost pressures, it is significant for a mobile network operator to make the most of spectrum investments. Therefore, this paper serves audience to better understand spectral efficiency, the factors that influence the efficient use of spectrum, the ways of measuring it and finally, what can be done to improve this wireless network performance metric.

Sujeet Kumar Jha

This presentation is about the Final year thesis of BE titled "LTE Network : Coverage and Capacity Planning ".

Uplink power control is a key radio resource management function. It is typically used to maximize the power of the desired received signals while limiting the generated interference. This paper presents the 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) power control mechanism, and compares its performance to two reference mechanisms. The LTE power control mechanism constitutes of a closed loop component operating around an open loop point of operation. Specifically, the open loop component has a parameterized fractional path loss compensation factor, enabling a trade-off between cell edge bitrate and cell capacity. The closed-loop component can be limited to compensate for long-term variations, enabling fast channel quality variations to be utilized by scheduling and link adaptation. Simulation results indicate that the LTE power control mechanism is advantageous compared to reference mechanisms using full path loss compensation and SINR balancing. The fractional pathless compensation can improve the cell-edge bitrate and/or the capacity with up to 20% while at the same time battery life time is improved. The fast SINR balancing closed loop mechanism performs poorly at high load since it does not utilize the link adaptation and the full link performance capability in LTE.

J.F. Whitehead

Dynamic power control in cellular systems has long been used for interference reduction, dynamic range control, and terminal battery savings. The analysis and numerical study, in shadow-fading environments, of power control algorithms based on received desired-signal levels are reported. Variational analysis of a simple case shows that compensation for 1/2 the dB value of path-loss variation is the optimal policy for S/I management, rather than the full-compensation algorithm. Simulations of more general cases verify this result and show the degree of robustness to errors and implementation constraints

Analisa dan Optimalisasi Jaringan 4G LTE dengan Metode Electrical Tilt Menggunakan Drivetest

A N Fajar
D Elmi

A. N. Fajar and D. Elmi, "Analisa dan Optimalisasi Jaringan 4G LTE dengan Metode Electrical Tilt Menggunakan Drivetest," JIFOR, vol. 1, p. No. 1, 2017.

LTE Optimization Engineering Handbook